Tuesday, February 25, 2014

Tired of making pennies a word – and losing jobs to other writers regardless of how little you charge? That means it’s time to change your marketing strategy, and I can’t think of a better time than the beginning of the New Year.
If you want to make more money for your writing this coming year – a lot more – start writing for free.
I don’t mean caving into client demands for free samples or letting deadbeats off the hook.  People who ask for freebies or those who take advantage of you are typically trying to rip you off, and unless you’re independently wealthy, you should walk away from both. Content may be king, but you’ll remain a pauper as long as you allow others to control you.
But you can’t wait for the economy to improve your finances or luck to change the type of clients you attract. More money is yours for the taking, and all you need to do is change your approach: give your writing away.


One Million Reasons to Write for Free

Before you think I’ve gone crazy, consider this: I’ve earned more than $1,000 a word and nearly $1 million for a single manuscript.  I made myself worth these fees by carefully choosing when and why to give my talent away.
I still give my work away today. Not because I have to, but because I know it will pay dividends.
Your rates – cheap, reasonable or exorbitant – should always be flexible.  And you should base them not just on your immediate needs but on your long-term goals.  Sure, you have to pay rent this month and need cash flow for your business.  Everyone does.
But if you only work to pay the bills, that’s all you’ll ever end up with, give or take a few dollars.
To make freelance writing a successful career and not just a pajama-clad alternative to working at a coffee shop, you need to develop a long-term marketing strategy.  You need to think of yourself as a business owner first and writer second.  This includes envisioning the career you’d like to have 5, 10 or 15 years from now and taking calculated risks to make that writing career happen.

Free Writing = Free Advertising

You know that every company needs content.  But company owners don’t necessarily know they need content and they especially don’t know they need you to write it for them. You can wait for company owners to come to their senses – three months, six months or a year from now – and wait for their job posting on one of the online freelance sites.  Then, you can bid along with dozens of competitors, hope that your proposal gets read and hope some more that your bid gets picked.
Or you can skip over all those painful, often-defeating steps and pitch a company directly. Do that, and the only one you’re competing against is yourself.
Want to eliminate yourself as the competition?  Write something for free.
Don’t wait to be asked about your fee.  Don’t discuss your rates at all.  Just say you want to show them what you can do.
Then do it. Give them your best work – a brilliant blog post, copy for a captivating landing page, ad text so powerful it doesn’t need visuals to support it – and then thank the company for the opportunity.
They might be so impressed they’ll hire you on the spot, at the rate you name. It happens.   Chances are, though, they’ll look skeptical, dazed or blank.  They’ll send you on your way with a few mumbled words and a sweaty handshake (or its email equivalent, a perfunctory emoticon.)
Start smiling, because this is where the real fun begins.

Free Writing + Free Promotion = High Paying Contracts

Now you can promote your work to key people inside the company, as well as to influential people outside the company via email or social media.  And they will convince the company decision-makers to hire you.
How should you promote your work?  Publish the piece you wrote on your own website and share it on your social media platforms, tagging company executives and board members when you do.  Post your revised content on your LinkedIn or Google+ pages and link to the original for a before and after view. Then ask your followers — and the potential client’s followers — to judge which is better.
Want to take a less public approach?  Put your work in the body of an email and add a personal note.  Send emails out one at a time – no spamming – and offer it as a gift each time.  Do some name-dropping: “I shared this with X on Tuesday.  Did she show it to you yet?”
Follow up.  Be polite, persistent, and helpful.  Make yourself a topic of conversation among company decision-makers.  Get them talking about you and your work.  Pique their interest.
The offer to engage your services may not come immediately.  It may not come at all.  Don’t buy a Maserati on credit while you’re waiting.
But make gifting content a regular part of your marketing strategy, and you’ll get enough work, at high enough rates of pay, to make the effort and waiting more than worth your time.

Make the Investment

The writing-as-a-gift strategy pays off if you’re confident about the quality of your work and savvy about the writing market you wish to enter.
Unsure about your writing skills?  Read a good book, take a course or consult a writer you admire.  Do whatever it takes to gain the confidence and skills you need.
Then study the market.  An eBay retailer probably has a far smaller content budget than Macy’s.  A Fortune 500 firm expects to pay more for writing services than a start-up does.
And don’t base your rates on what you think you’re worth. Base your rates on the value you bring to a particular company.  You may find that your rates may be substantially lower – or higher – than the price you think you’re worth when you look in the mirror each morning.
Also, look beyond the immediate payday.  Is this a one-off assignment that will never lead to another?  Push for the highest price possible.  Is there potential for a long-term contract or some other benefit, like prestige, shared business interest, a case study, or entry into a coveted niche? Quote your rates accordingly.

The Freebie Alternative

If you’re not quite ready for the in-your-face approach of direct pitching, here’s another to try that beats relying on job boards for work:
Write an article about a company you’d like to work for, and then get it published online. Aim for a high-authority site but if you can’t get it placed, publish your article on your own blog and share it on social media.
Tag the people you’d most like to read it – the CEO or head of marketing, for example – and express some enthusiasm.  If no one writes to thank you for saying nice things or profiling their company in your article, move on.
If you receive even the briefest note of gratitude, add them to your social networks — you’ve just made this person an audience to your fabulous content.
Wait for the company to contact you.  It will likely come in the form of a request for something small or cheap. “We need a simple press release…”  Politely decline or set a high price for the “simple” task.  Send some ideas about what really great things you could do for them if they put you on retainer or a multi-month contract.
Keep in touch.  Make the occasional, gentle pitch.  When the company needs a writer, they’ll think of you first. And before they post a project online, they’ll ask you for a proposal.
The job is yours, if you want it.
Writing for free is dumb if it serves no purpose.  But make free writing a part of your overall marketing strategy, and you’ll get more of what every freelancer wants: financial freedom.
Your BlogSpot blog, commonly called a Blogger blog, is a business marketing tool that enables you to share useful information with clients, customers and employees. It takes time to fill your blog with thoughtful, well-written content, but without a steady stream of posts, blog visitors may stop reading. If you don't have the time to write every post yourself, enable guest posting on your Blogger blog. By default, no one can post to a Blogger blog except for its administrators. To allow guests to write on your blog, send an email invitation to potential posters via the Blogger dashboard.



Step 1: Navigate to the dashboard for your Blogger blog. Log in to your account.
Step 2: Click the "Settings" tab at the top of the page. Click "Permissions."
Step 3: Click the "Add Authors" button in the Blog Authors box. Enter the email address of the people you want to invite for guest posting. If you want to invite people from your Gmail contacts list, click "Choose from contacts."
Step 4: Click "Invite" to send an invitation to the email addresses you provided.
Step 5: Ask your invitees to check their email for a message from Google. Have them click on the link in the email to accept the invitation. Clicking the link takes them to your blog dashboard. When the invitees enter their Google account information and click "Accept Invitation," Blogger adds their names to the Guest Authors list.

Tips

  • Blogger allows you to add up to 100 guest posters on your blog. You can also give any guest poster administrator rights.
  • Guest posters can write and edit only their own posts. They can't edit your posts or change settings.

Saturday, February 22, 2014

Today I want to suggest an exercise that has the potential to improve your blogging profoundly if you build it into your daily routine.

Look at another blog

 

OK – this may not sound that profound – most of us read other blogs every day but it doesn’t revolutionise what we do – but stick with me for a second while I explain HOW to do it in a way that could have a big impact.

Here’s what I do every day

I choose a blog and then spend 5-10 minutes reviewing it. My aim is not to ‘consume’ it as a reader…. but rather to review it with the view of learning about blogging.
What I’ve found is that my spending 5-10 minutes every day looking at another blog in this way that I learn so much! In fact I’ve learned so much over the last few months that last week in my team meetings I’ve introduced the idea of us doing this as a group – each week we’ll review a blog to see what we can learn.
The objective is not to do these reviews to copy what others are doing – but rather I find in looking at other blogs I often find inspiration and insight for my own blogs. The learnings cover a wide range of areas – from design, to product ideas, to content, to increasing engagement, to use of social media, to marketing etc.
Let me dive a little deeper into how I do it:

Choosing a Blog to Review

I review a blog every week day so over a year I’m potentially reviewing 260 blogs so I don’t have a single criteria for choosing which blog I’ll review.
When I started doing this a few months ago I started doing it mainly with photography blogs (those in my own niche) but I’ve since moved outside my niche too. While it is great to know what competitors in your niche are doing there’s a much to learn by going beyond it too.
Not only do I mix up the niche but I’m also trying to mix up the size of the blog. There’s a lot to learn from the biggest blogs who have lots of readers, staff, developers, professional designs etc – but you can learn a lot from medium and smaller blogs too.
Also I like to keep my eye open for those blogs that are up and coming – those that seem to burst onto the scene quickly – because these blogs are often doing something new or innovative.
Lastly I like to try to mix up the style of blogs. While I mainly focus upon creating ‘how to’ content blogs I also regularly review blogs that focus more upon ‘news’, ‘reviews’, ‘personal’, ‘opinion’, ‘entertainment’ etc.
So if you’re just starting to do daily reviews – do start with blogs in your niche – but mix it up too, and you’ll discover a lot that you can apply in your own blogging.

Tips on Conducting Your Review

I don’t have a set routine for reviewing the blogs that I look at, but there are a number of things that I tend to do.
I usually start by viewing the blog on my desktop computer which has a nice, wide, 27-inch display. However I also try to view the blog on my iPad and phone which is often quite illuminating from a design viewpoint.
I generally will start by reviewing the front page of the blog and pay particular attention to my first impression and feelings about the site (first impressions are often lasting ones), but will always dig around deeper into the site and review ‘posts’ (both recent and those in the archives) and also any ‘pages’ (about page, advertising page, contact page, etc).

Questions to Ask As You Review

There are a variety of areas that you can review when looking at another blog. I tend to break things down into the following areas and find myself asking questions like those that follow.
Note: I don’t ask all of these questions every time I do a review – but I hope by presenting them you’ll get a feel for what directions you can explore.

Content

  • what voice/s are they writing in?
  • what is their posting frequency?
  • how long are the posts that they write?
  • what type of posts are they majoring on (information, inspiration, engagement, news, opinion, etc)?
  • what style and medium of posts are they using (lists, imagery, video, podcasts, etc)?
  • what blend of original vs curated content are they using?
  • what topics/categories are they majoring on?
  • what type of headlines/titles formulas do they use?
  • do they use multiple authors/guest posters or a single writer?

Community

  • how do they engage readers?
  • what calls to action do they use and what is being responded to?
  • what type of posts get the most comments, shares, likes?
  • do they use tools like polls, surveys, quizzes or other engagement triggers?
  • what social media sites are they using and how they using them for engagement/community building?
  • do they have a newsletter – how do they incentivise signups? What type of content do they send?
  • how much do the writers of the blog engage in comments?
  • do they have a dedicated community area? (forum, membership etc)?
  • do they have ‘discussion’ posts or ‘assignments’ or ‘projects/challenges’ that give readers something to DO?

Finding Readers

  • where do they seem to be putting most of their energy in terms of generating readership (social, guest posting, media etc)?
  • which social media sites are they primarily using for outreach and what are they doing their?
  • what type of content seems to be being shared the most on their site?
  • how do they try to ‘hook’ new readers once they’ve arrived (newsletter, social, RSS etc)?
  • what type of reader is this blog attracting?
  • how does the blog rank on Alexa? What does Alexa say about sources of traffic, type of reader that the blog has?

Monetization

  • how are they monetizing?
  • if advertising, what advertisers are they working with directly?
  • are they using an ad network like AdSense?
  • how many ads are they showing per page?
  • where are they positioning ads on their pages?
  • what size ads do they offer advertisers?
  • do they have an advertiser page? Do they publish their rates, traffic or other interesting information on it? Do they have a media kit? What is their main selling point to advertisers?
  • if selling products – what type of products seem tot be selling the most?
  • what can you learn from the way they market their products?
  • what affiliate programs/products are they promoting?
  • do they offer premium paid content or community areas on their blog?
  • do they have a disclaimer/privacy page? What can you learn from it about how they monetize?

Design/Tech

  • what layout do they use?
  • what navigation/menu items do they have?
  • what first impressions does their design give? What is the first thing they seem to be calling people to DO when arriving?
  • have they used a designer or blog template for their blog?
  • how do they communicate what their blog is about (do they have a tag line)?
  • how are they using their front page? Is it a traditional blog format, portal or something else?
  • what do they have in their sidebar?
  • do they have a ‘hello bar’ at the top of their site? What are they using it for?
  • what do they put in ‘hot zones’ on the blog (above the fold), below posts, etc?
  • what type of blogging tool do they seem to use?
  • what can you observe about their approach to SEO?
  • what kind of commenting technology do they use?
  • what widgets and tools do they have that make the reader experience more interesting?
  • how do they use images in posts?
  • what’s their logo like?
  • what colours are they using in their design?
  • how do they highlight ‘social proof’ in their design?
  • do they have an app?
  • is their design responsive to mobile/tablets?
  • do they use any techniques to increase page views?

Email/Newsletter

  • do they have an email newsletter?
  • if so – how are they driving people to signup? Popups, forms, hello bar etc?
  • are they incentivising signups with something free?
  • signup for the newsletter and watch what kinds of emails they send. Is it an auto responder or more timely broadcasts?

Social Media

  • what social media accounts do they promote on their blog?
  • how are they promoting their social media accounts?
  • are there social media mediums that they are ignoring?
  • which type of social media seems most active/important to them?
  • where are they getting most engagement?
  • how often are they updating their accounts? what times of day seem to get most engagement?
  • what techniques are they using on social that seem to get most engagement and build community?
  • what techniques are they using on social to drive traffic?
  • what techniques are they using with social to monetize?
  • what feedback is this blog getting from readers on social? What are they known for (both positive and negative)?

Other Questions to Ponder

  • are there opportunities to network or partner with this blog/blogger?
  • do they accept guest posts – could you write with them?
  • do they have products that you could promote as an affiliate?
  • do you have a product that they could promote as an affiliate?
  • if they are in your niche – what ‘gaps’ in their content could you be filling in your own blog?
  • what are they doing poorly that might provide you with an opportunity to have a competitive advantage?
  • what are they doing well that you’re not doing to the best of your ability?

What would you add?

The above list is not something I systematically work through for every blog that I look at – rather it is the type of questions I find myself asking as I review a blog and might be useful as a starting point for you to work from.
I’m sure there are other areas you could dig into further and I’d love to hear your suggestions in comments below.

Learn From The Actions of Others

Let me finish by coming back to the motivation for doing blog reviews like this.
What I’m NOT suggesting is that you review other blogs to simply steal other peoples ideas and replicate what they do.
What I AM suggesting is that you will learn a heap by looking at how others blog.
It might sounds odd coming from a guy writing a blog about blogging but I think you’ll actually learn as much – if not more – by doing the above exercise each day than by filling your RSS reader full of blog tips blogs. There’s only so much theory you need to hear – much more can be learned by watching people practice their craft.
A side note about Blogs about Blogging: The reality is that most ‘blog tips blogs’ are written by bloggers whose most successful blog is a ‘blog tips blog’. While this doesn’t discount them as people to listen to, it’s worth keeping in mind as you ponder their teaching and calls to purchase what they sell.
It also strikes me that the vast majority of successful bloggers going around are quietly going about building amazing blogs and not broadcasting their tips and learnings. Their focus is building their blogs – not teaching others how to blog. While it’d be great to get inside their heads the great thing is that almost everything they do is live on their blogs for all to see – hence the opportunity in spending time learning by watching what they do.

My Challenge to You

For the next week, review a blog every day. It need not include every question above – but put aside 10 or so minutes each day over the next week to look at another blog and see what you can learn.
I dare you! It could just be the most valuable 70 minutes of blogging learning you ever have!
If you take the challenge, I’d love to hear in comments below what you learn!

 

It is a truth universally acknowledged that if one has a blog, one is in want of readers. We want people to stop by and read our stories, hear our messages, see our videos, listen to our podcasts. We want to connect, we want to share, and we want to engage.



But sometimes we get stuck in a rut marketing ourselves to our audiences. It might be from a lack of time to spare, it might be from fear of the unknown – but it happens more often than we think. It’s usually always a good idea to give yourself a bit of a shake-up and move out of your comfort zone, (even if you’re only taking baby steps) but it can be another thing entirely actually doing it.
Proven traffic-drivers and ways to engage your readership are talked about a lot. There are tons of articles on what social media platform might be best for you, how to write a great comment so you get noticed on other people’s blogs, and how to be seen. Why not take a tip you’ve never used before and give it a go?

Think Outside the Box

Different things work for different people, but some of us also are guilty of sticking to our old favourites. What I’m suggesting is we look outside our usual channels and see if something might be useful. What are new bloggers doing that we aren’t? (Darren’s post on reviewing blogs as part of your research is a great start). What are bloggers in different niches doing? Is Instagram worth a shot to broaden your brand? Are we neglecting what Facebook can offer? Should we get started on Pinterest? Have we forgotten about Twitter? (I have!).
Let’s do a little experiment. Let’s take a new tactic that’s working well for someone else and give it our best shot. It might be successful and we have a new trick in our arsenal. It might get lost in the arctic wasteland of the internet. But we’ll have learned something, and will have more of an understanding of where our readers are and where new ones could be.

Friday, February 21, 2014

To be successful in your blogging career you must have to generate decent organic traffic to your blog. By the term “organic traffic” I mean the traffic which comes to your blog through search engines like Google. If you are a new blogger then you should be aware with the Google Webmaster Tools. This is a great tool which is provided by Google itself. It is useful for bloggers and webmasters to get their blog or website index by the Google and it also help to improve our blog’s crawling rate.
You just need to verify your blog ownership in Google Webmaster Tools and then submit a simple sitemap. It is very important to submit blogger sitemap to Google in terms of SEO which tells Google about your blog and its content. Whenever you update your blog with new posts, your sitemap helps to index them easily in search engines. This is what we are gonna discuss in this post. Let see how to add blogger sitemap to Google Webmaster Tools.

Submit Blogger Sitemap To Google Webmaster Tools

Below are some easy steps you have to go through in terms to submit your blogspot blog sitemap.
  • Sign in to Google Webmaster Tools.
  • Click on the blog title for which you want to add sitemap.
  • Click on Sitemaps button as shown below.


 At the top right corner of the page, press Add/Test sitemap button.



Add the below code in the text field.
"atom.xml?redirect=false&start-index=1&max-results=500"

This is the sitemap code for your blogger blog which you need to add.
  • Press “Submit Sitemap” button.
  • Refresh the page.
Congratulation! You have finished the process of submitting your blog sitemap.
Note: The above sitemap will work for 500 posts only. If you have more than 500 posts published in your blog, then you have to add one more sitemap. Whole procedure will be same but at this time you have to add this code.
atom.xml?redirect=false&start-index=501&max-results=500
The sitemap which we submit to Google Webmaster Tools is a XML sitemap which is used by search engines to find our content easily. There is HTML sitemap too which is for our blog readers. We should add sitemap page to our blog so that our readers can easily view all of our blog posts at the single location. It’ll be easy for them to read post which they want to. If you don’t know how to add a sitemap page in blogger, then here is a tutorial for you.
Yahoo announced that Yahoo Image search now has the ability to search Flickr images, as well as filter images based on re-use or re-posting under Creative Commons terms.



When I first saw this news, I thought, didn't Yahoo already offer this years and years ago. And yes they did. As Matt McGee reports, they had Flickr results in 2007 and creative commons filters in 2009 - both stories I covered, which is why I remembered it.
So why is Yahoo reporting that this is new? Well, it is the new old.
When Yahoo switched to search results powered by Bing, they quietly removed images on Flickr and the creative commons filter. Now they added it back. So, in a sense, Yahoo is catching up to itself.

Thursday, February 20, 2014

How do I build the perfectly optimized page?

This is a challenging question for many in the SEO and web marketing fields. There are hundreds of "best practices" lists for where to place keywords and how to do "on-page optimization," but as search engines have evolved and as other sources of traffic — social networks, referring links, email, blogs, etc. — have become more important and interconnected, the very nature of what's "optimal" is up for debate.
My perspective is certainly not gospel, but it's informed by years of experience, testing, failure, and learning alongside a lot of metrics from Moz's phenomenal data science team. I don't think there's one absolute right way to optimize a page, but I do think I can share a lot about the architecture of how to target content and increase the likelihood that it will:
  • A) Have the best opportunity to rank highly in Google and Bing
  • B) Earn traffic from social networks like Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Google+, etc.
  • C) Be worthy of links and shares from across the web
  • D) Build your brand's perception, trust, and potential to convert visitors
With the help of some graphics from CreativeMarket (which I highly recommend), I created a number of visualizations to explain how I think about modern on-page optimization and keyword targeting. Let's start with a graphical overview of what makes a page optimized:
elements-optimized-sml
larger version
In the old days of SEO, "on-page optimization" referred merely to keyword placement. Search engines liked to see keywords in certain locations of the HTML code to help indicate a page's relevance for that query. But today, this simple approach won't cut it for two key reasons:
  1. The relevancy and keyword-based algorithms that Google and Bing use to evaluate and rank pages are massively more complex.
  2. Gaining a slight benefit in a keyword placement-based algorithmic element may harm overall rankings because of how it impacts people's experience with your site (and thus, their propensity to stay on your pages, link to you, or share your content socially — all of which are also directly or indirectly considered in ranking algorithms).
Below is a pie-chart breakdown of how the 128 SEO professionals surveyed for Moz's annual ranking factors project rated broad algorithmic elements' impact in Google:
rank-factors-pie-2013
larger version
If <15% of the rankings equation is wrapped up in keyword targeting, no wonder smart SEOs in the modern era have evolved to think more holistically. Personally, I'm happy to sacrifice "perfect" keyword placement in the title element or a URL for better user experience, a higher chance of having my content shared on social networks, or a better click-through rate in the search results.
But, for the purposes of this post, let's put some of those caveats aside and dive into the best practices for each element of a page. It may be unwise to optimize all of these purely towards search engine-based best practices, but we can temper the advice with notes on usability and user experience for visitors, too. Below, I've attempted to go tag by tag, and element by element through the keyword targeting and on-page optimization canon to expand on the more basic advice in the "Elements of an Optimized Page" graphic above.

Uniquely valuable

An optimized page doesn't just provide unique content, but unique value. What's the difference?
  • Unique content simply means that those words, in that order, don't appear anywhere else on the web.
  • Unique value refers to the usefulness and takeaways derived by visitors to the page. Many pages can be "valuable," but few provide a truly unique kind of value — one that can't be discovered on other pages targeting that keyword phrase.
Whenever I advise marketers on crafting pages, I ask them to put themselves in the minds of their potential visitors, and imagine a page that provides something so different and functional that it rises above everything else in its field. Here are a few of my favorite examples:
  • The Baby Name Wizard — a terrific page that provides clear value above and beyond its competition for searches around baby names.
  • How Much Does a Website Cost — Folyo surveyed their designers to create a distribution of prices that accurate, credible, and massively valuable to those seeking data on pricing.
  • Scale of the Universe — this interactive feature will take you from the tiniest parts of an atom all the way to universe-scale. No wonder it ranks for such abstract queries as "the size of things."
  • The Best Instant Noodles of All Time — The Ramen Rater has tried literally thousands of packets of instant noodles and determined these ten to be the outstanding few. I'm actually excited to try them :-)
  • Top Social Networks by Users — Craig Smith puts together an update to this list every month or two, and has compiled this invaluable resource to help those of us wondering just how big all the networks are these days. I've personally used this for numerous posts and presentations — it's an excellent example of creating unique value by aggregating data from varied sources (and it, deservedly, outranks stalwarts like Nielsen as a result).
Unique value is much more than unique content, and when you have a page that rises to the level that these do, social shares, links, and all the other positive associations, branding, and ranking signals are apt to follow.

Provides phenomenal UX

A user's experience is made up of a vast array of elements, not unlike the search engines' ranking algorithms. Satisfying all of these perfectly may not be possible, but reaching for a high level will not only provide value in rankings, but through second-order impacts like shares, links, and word-of-mouth.
At the most basic level, a great UX means the page/site is:
  • Easy to understand
  • Providing intuitive navigation and content consumption
  • Loading quickly, even on slower connections (like mobile)
  • Rendering properly in any browser size and on any device
  • Designed to be visually attractive/pleasing/compelling
Smashing Magazine has my favorite article on the subject: What is User Experience Design? Overview, Tools, and Resources.

Crawler/bot accessible

Search engines still crawl the web using automated bots, and probably will for at least the next decade or more. While there have been plenty of leaps in the sophistication level of these crawlers, the best practice is not to take chances and follow some important guidelines when building pages you want engines to crawl, index, and rank reliably:
  • Make sure the page is the only URL on which the content appears, and if it's not, all other URLs canonicalize back to the original (using redirects or the rel=canonical protocol)
  • URLs should follow best practices around length, being static vs. dynamic, and being included in any appropriate RSS feeds or XML Sitemaps files
  • Don't block bots! Robots.txt and meta robots can be used to intelligently limit what engines see, but be cautious not to make errors that prevent them from crawling and indexing your content.
  • If the page is temporarily down, use a status code 503 (not a 404), and if you're redirecting a page to a new location, don't go through multiple redirect chains if possible, and use 301s (permanent redirects), not other kinds of 30x status codes.
Geoff Kenyon's Technical Site Audit Checklist is still one of the best resources for those seeking more in-depth information about crawler-based accessibility.

Keyword-targeted

As I mentioned in the opening of this post, it may be the case that perfectly optimized keyword targeting conflicts with goals around usability, user experience, or the natural flow of how you write. That's OK, and frequently, I'd suggest leaning in those more user-centric directions. However, when it's possible to optimize keyword usage, you'll need some ammunition. Here's a look at the most important elements as we've observed them through time, testing, correlation, and listening to the engine's recommendations, too.

7 important keyword targeting elements (and 1 not-so-important element)

#1: Page title
Using the primary keyword phrase at least once in the page's title, and preferably as close to the start of the title tag/element as possible is highly recommended. Not only are titles key to how engines weigh relevance, they also dramatically impact a searcher's propensity to click.
Above is an example comparing some title elements for the search query "lip balm." The tag for allure.com is more compelling from the perspective of fulfilling the searcher's intent (which is likely to compare multiple blams vs. find a specific one), but it also puts the keyword in prime, eye-catching real estate on the results page. We have seen evidence and heard the engines themselves discuss the value/importance of earning clicks and preventing "pogo-sticking" (the bouncing of a visitor back to a search page after clicking a result). Optimizing for both keyword prominence AND user intent/visibility is an excellent idea.
#2: Headline
While we've seen mixed results over the years with using the H1 tag specifically for keyword placement, it's almost certainly the case that a searcher who's just clicked on a results expects to see a matching headline on the page they visit. Failure to do so may increase the odds of pogo-sticking, and our most recent rank correlations suggest that a topically relevant H1 is associated with higher rankings.
I wouldn't always require a match between the title and the H1 precisely, but they shouldn't be so dissimilar as to drive anyone who's clicked away from the result.
#3: Body text
It should come as no surprise that using your primary (and secondary, if relevant) keyword phrase(s) in the content of the page are important. Our research suggests that it's not just about raw keyword use or repetition, though. Search engines are almost certainly using advanced topic modeling algorithms to assess relevance and perhaps quality, too.
This means it's wise to make your content comprehensive, useful, and relevant as possible, not just filled with instance of a keyword. In fact, we've observed plenty of cases where the overuse of keywords resulted in a negative impact on rankings, so be judicious. If you asked a non-marketing friend to read the page, would they get the sense that a term or phrase was suspiciously prominent, sometimes needlessly so? If that's the case, you're probably overdoing it.
#4: URL
A good URL has a few key aspects, but one of those is keyword use. Not only does it help with search engine relevancy directly, but URLs often get used as anchor text around the web (mostly through copying and pasting). For example, if I link to this post using its URL, e.g. http://moz.com/blog/visual-guide-to-keyword-targeting-onpage-optimization, the phrases "keyword targeting" and "onpage optimization" appear right in the text.
For more best practices on URLs, check out our learn article on the topic.
#5: Images and image alt attributes
Having images on a keyword-targeted page is wise for many, many reasons, not least among them is that these can help directly and indirectly with rankings. Most directly, your image has an opportunity to show up in an image search result. Granted, Google's new interface has dramatically lowered the traffic from image search, but I still find great value in having your brand name/site associated with production of useful graphics, photos, and visual elements.
For search engines, the image's title, filename, surrounding text, and alt attribute all matter from a ranking perspective. In particular, those doing SEO should know that when an image is linked, the alt attribute is treated similarly to anchor text in a text link.
#6: Internal and external links
A good page should be accessible through no more than four clicks from any other page on a site (three for smaller sites), and it should, likewise, provide useful links to relevant information on any topics that are discussed.
Some SEOs have, in the past, questioned whether linking externally, especially to sites/pages that might compete for a visitor's time/attention or a search engine's rankings is wise. I believe the nail in that coffin was delivered by Marshall Simmonds in his Whiteboard Friday Interview noting the value the NYTimes saw from their implementation of external links. Since then, search engine representatives have subtly hinted on multiple occasions that there are elements in the algorithm which reward external links to quality sites/pages.
#7: Meta description
A page's meta description isn't used directly in search engine ranking algorithms (according to representatives from Google and Bing), but that doesn't mean they're not critical. The meta description tag, if it employs the keyword query, usually shows up in the search results, and is part of what searchers consider when deciding whether to click.
As you can see from the snippet above, when keywords appear in the meta description, they also get bolded, which can help with visibility. The primary goal of a meta description should be to earn the searcher's click. Think of them like ad copy, and work to make searchers care about your page.
#8: Meta keywords
Notably absent from this list is the Meta Keywords tag, which Google does not use in rankings, and we, along with many others (including SearchEngineLand) recommend against employing on your pages.
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The reason it's so important to balance these keyword-targeting demands with other attributes of on-page optimization is illustrated below:
As you can see, while on-page features like keyword use in titles, keywords, and body text (even when measured via a more sophisticated and higher correlating model than just raw usage like our data science team did in the ranking factors) have reasonable correlations given the complexity of Google's rankings, other elements are found much more often in higher- vs. lower-ranking pages.
If social shares, brand mentions, links, and domain authority all potentially trump keyword-based factors as differentiators, marketers need to make sure we're hitting the basics of on-page, but never extending in such a way that interferes with our ability to succeed in these other avenues.

Built to be shared through social networks

Facebook, Twitter, Google+, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Reddit, and dozens more social networks that are niche-focused can help earn signals that help rankings directly and/or indirectly (often through exposure to folks who might link to them).
A well-optimized page should help to make social sharing as easy and seamless as possible, including:
  • Using obvious social sharing buttons that are targeted to the page's audience. Don't just list every network on the web — be empathetic and predictive of what your visitors are likely to employ.
  • Craft URLs that are short and descriptive so that copying/pasting (for those who prefer) is painless, and whenever/wherever those links appear they provide a good UX for those seeing them. This is particularly important across more niche social sites, forums, and Facebook/Google+ (which use full URLs if the length is short rather than the condensed versions that Twitter uses).
  • Make content that has inherent viral value. Think about a social influencer and ask yourself, "would I share this page if I came across it?" Find ways to make that answer yes. One of the best is to build pages that will make social sharers themselves look good to their audiences (either because the page helps promote them directly/indirectly or because the unique value is so compelling, their followers/fans will be indebted to them for finding it).
  • If possible and relevant, employ features like Twitter Cards and Facebook's OpenGraph markup to get the additional benefits on those networks.
Given how the reach of social networks have grown, how well social shares correlate positively to higher search rankings, and how those correlations have risen over time, there's a lot of value in making sure your pages have an opportunity to perform socially.

Multi-device ready

Although it was called out in the UX section, this principle is worthy of its own headline due to the increasing diversity of devices, browsers, and screen sizes. Mobile use isn't just critical for users "on the go." Many are using mobile or tablets to browse at home, at work, and as a replacement for laptop/desktop. And they're not just consuming — they're sharing! Social sharing in particular is a huge part of mobile & tablet functions, which means that if you're not optimized for all devices, you're missing critical opportunities for amplification to a broader audience.

Inclusive of authorship, metadata, schema, and rich snippets

There are a vast array of options that provide additional markup that engines may employ in their listings. Rather than try to list all of them, I'll link to resources with more information on each:
Moz's marketing scientist, Dr. Pete, recently put together a slide deck showing 90+ unique forms of search results, many of which leverage rich forms of markup (though only a few of these are in the control of the marketer/creator).
My recommendation is to apply those that both match the opportunities provided by the engines and the techniques that will give value to your potential visitors. Be cautious of going overboard — there's a bit of rich snippet spam that serves only to leave a bad taste in searchers' mouths and may hurt your reputation or rankings with the engines themselves, too.

Choosing how to optimize

One important takeaway from this post should be that modern on-page SEO is about juggling competing priorities. In general, my recommended ordering of those priorities is as follows:
  1. Create a page that is uniquely valuable to your targeted searchers.
  2. If at all possible, make the page likely to earn links and shares naturally (without needing to build links or prod people).
  3. Balance keyword targeting with usability and user experience, but never ignore the critical elements like page titles, headlines, and body content at the least.
There's no such thing as a "perfectly optimized" page, but I took a stab at drawing up the mythical beast anyway:
perfectly-optimized-page3
Over time, what's "perfect" might change, and new services, platforms, and areas of optimizational opportunity could arise. But for the past few years (notwithstanding some newer tactics like Google's rel=author), the model described in this post has held relatively stable. The "O" in SEO is getting broader, and I think that's a wonderful thing for marketers of all stripes. Targeting an algorithm instead of people is far worse than hitting both birds with the same handful of optimization stones.